Every BitCoin transaction is recorded in a public ledger,which is found at Block Explorer. Each transaction is hashed into a block,and they are explained in the original paper Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System by BitCoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto. After the solution to the block is found,it is replicated throughout the peer-to-peer network,and all transactions are then verified by the BitCoin client software. Any attempts at forging a block are rejected by the network as invalid.It is by solving a block which rewards the solver with Bitcoins and further propagates the BitCoin economy.

To solve the block,a value must be solved through mathematical computation of the block. Processor power is used to search for the solution. As the complexity of the solution has risen to adjust the fixed rate of BitCoin dispersal,a CPU is no longer sufficient to solve a block in a reasonable amount of time.At the time of this writing,the current difficulty factor is 567385. So,if your CPU could perform at a rate of 4, 000, 000 hashes per second,it would take you over 19 years to solve a block,not factoring in the eventual rise of the difficulty and so we use accelerated parallel processing instead,which involves harnessing the computational power of a graphics processing unit,or GPU (Why?). It is optimal to hash on AMD cards,which is explained here. So,if you use your computer to generate BitCoins (by further supporting the BitCoin economy by verifying transactions),you are Mining BitCoins.

Prerequisite: If you don’t have a recently manufactured Radeon HD video card or some FPGA or ASIC chips,then don’t bother with mining bitcoin because you probably wouldn’t break even on the electricity costs associated with operating a Bitcoin mining rig.

For more information about bfgminer specifics:

If you have any questions about using bfgminer make sure to post them to the correct Bitcoin forum here:

How to install bfgminer

Open terminal and copy and paste:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bitcoin/bitcoin sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install bitcoin build-essential autoconf

Source: debianhelp.wordpress.com